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home | newest check | boards | help index | log | ps | userlogin | send sysop | slog | status forward | bcm news | users | version | remove cookieKF5JRV > TODAY 15.01.26 18:07l 19 Lines 2256 Bytes #2 (0) @ WW BID : 18705_KF5JRV Subj: Today in History - Jan 15 Path: JH4XSY<N3HYM<NS2B<KF5JRV Sent: 260115/0903Z 18705@KF5JRV.#NWAR.AR.USA.NA BPQ6.0.24 Two months after the death of her half-sister, Queen Mary I of England, Elizabeth Tudor, the 25-year-old daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn, is crowned Queen Elizabeth I at Westminster Abbey in London. The two half-sisters, both daughters of Henry VIII, had a stormy relationship during Mary窶冱 five-year reign. Mary, who was brought up as a Catholic, enacted pro-Catholic legislation and made efforts to restore papal supremacy in England. A Protestant rebellion ensued, and Queen Mary imprisoned Elizabeth, a Protestant, in the Tower of London on suspicion of complicity. After Mary窶冱 death, Elizabeth survived several Catholic plots against her; although her ascension was greeted with approval by most of England窶冱 lords, who were largely Protestant and hoped for greater religious tolerance under a Protestant queen. Under the early guidance of Secretary of State Sir William Cecil, Elizabeth repealed Mary窶冱 pro-Catholic legislation, established a permanent Protestant Church of England, and encouraged the Calvinist reformers in Scotland. In foreign affairs, Elizabeth practiced a policy of strengthening England窶冱 Protestant allies and dividing her foes. Elizabeth was opposed by the pope, who refused to recognize her legitimacy, and by Spain, a Catholic nation that was at the height of its power. In 1588, English-Spanish rivalry led to an abortive Spanish invasion of England in which the Spanish Armada, the greatest naval force in the world at the time, was destroyed by storms and a persistent English navy. With increasing English domination at sea, Elizabeth encouraged voyages of discovery, such as Sir Francis Drake窶冱 circumnavigation of the world and Sir Walter Raleigh窶冱 expeditions to the North American coast. The long reign of Elizabeth, who became known as the 窶弖irgin Queen窶� for her reluctance to endanger her authority through marriage, coincided with the flowering of the English Renaissance, associated with such renowned authors as William Shakespeare. By her death in 1603, England had become a major world power in every respect, and Queen Elizabeth I passed into history as one of England窶冱 greatest monarchs. 73 de Scott KF5JRV Pmail: KF5JRV@KF5JRV.#NWAR.AR.USA.NA Email KF5JRV@gmail.com
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