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home | newest check | boards | help index | log | ps | userlogin | send sysop | slog | status forward | bcm news | users | version | remove cookieKF5JRV > TODAY 02.12.25 19:13l 37 Lines 2685 Bytes #3 (0) @ WW BID : 16848_KF5JRV Read: GUEST Subj: Today in History - Dec 02 Path: JH4XSY<N3HYM<K5DAT<K7EK<NS2B<KE0GB<KF5JRV Sent: 251202/1005Z 16848@KF5JRV.#NWAR.AR.USA.NA BPQ6.0.24 Enrico Fermi, the Italian-born Nobel Prize-winning physicist, directs and controls the first nuclear chain reaction in his labo ratory beneath the bleachers of Stagg Field at the University of Chicago, ushering in the nuclear age. Upon successful completi on of the experiment, a coded message was transmitted to President Roosevelt: 窶弋he Italian navigator has landed in the new wo rld.窶� Following on England窶冱 Sir James Chadwick窶冱 discovery of the neutron and the Curies窶� production of artificial radioactivi ty, Fermi, a full-time professor of physics at the University of Florence, focused his work on producing radioactivity by manip ulating the speed of neutrons derived from radioactive beryllium. Further similar experimentation with other elements, includin g uranium 92, produced new radioactive substances; Fermi窶冱 colleagues believed he had created a new 窶徼ransuranic窶� element with an atomic number of 93, the result of uranium 92 capturing a neuron while under bombardment, thus increasing its atomic w eight. Fermi remained skeptical about his discovery, despite the enthusiasm of his fellow physicists. He became a believer in 1938, wh en he was awarded the Nobel Prize in physics for 窶徂is identification of new radioactive elements.窶� Although travel was rest ricted for men whose work was deemed vital to national security, Fermi was given permission to leave Italy and go to Sweden to receive his prize. He and his wife, Laura, who was Jewish, never returned; both feared and despised Mussolini窶冱 fascist regim e. Fermi immigrated to New York City窶任olumbia University, specifically, where he recreated many of his experiments with Niels Bo hr, the Danish-born physicist, who suggested the possibility of a nuclear chain reaction. Fermi and others saw the possible mil itary applications of such an explosive power, and quickly composed a letter warning President Roosevelt of the perils of a Ger man atomic bomb. The letter was signed and delivered to the president by Albert Einstein on October 11, 1939. The Manhattan Pro ject, the American program to create its own atomic bomb, was the result. It fell to Fermi to produce the first nuclear chain reaction, without which such a bomb was impossible. He created a jerry-rigg ed laboratory with the necessary equipment, which he called an 窶彗tomic pile,窶� in a squash court in the basement of Stagg Fi eld at the University of Chicago. With colleagues and other physicists looking on, Fermi produced the first self-sustaining nuc lear chain reaction and the 窶從ew world窶� of nuclear power was born. 73 de Scott KF5JRV Pmail: KF5JRV@KF5JRV.#NWAR.AR.USA.NA Email KF5JRV@gmail.com
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